The calc() function enables mathematical operations directly in CSS. It allows combining values of different units, such as percentages and pixels, to create dynamic layouts.
    .container { 
        width: calc(100% - 50px); 
    }
    
  The var() function is used to access custom properties (CSS variables) that were previously defined in the CSS. This allows for more flexible and reusable styling.
        :root {
        --primary-color: #3498db;
    }
    
    .button {
        background-color: var(--primary-color);
    }
    
  The rgb() function defines a color based on its red, green, and blue components. Each component can have values from 0 to 255, defining the color's intensity.
        .header {
            background-color: rgb(34, 193, 195);
        }        
    
  The translate() function is used to move elements along the X and Y axes. It is commonly used in animations or when creating interactive designs.
        .move {
            transform: translate(50px, 100px);
        }